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黃斑變性為何成了老年人的視力殺手？

來源：珠海?，斄猪槼毖劭漆t(yī)院 2020-11-24

黃斑變性通常是高齡退化的自然結(jié)果，隨著年齡增加，視網(wǎng)膜組織退化，變薄，引起黃斑功能下降。

引起黃斑病變的原因：

1. 高度近視或者眼部外傷，可導(dǎo)致黃斑出血及破裂

2. 眼部患炎癥或全身疾?。喝缫暰W(wǎng)膜炎、高血壓、糖尿病等都可能誘發(fā)或者并發(fā)黃斑

3. 患心血管病者：如心臟病、高血壓的人

4. 紫外線：若長(zhǎng)時(shí)間進(jìn)行照射，會(huì)對(duì)眼睛黃斑部造成累積性的傷害

5. 年老體弱，臟器虛衰，脾腎兩虛以及肝郁火旺，痰濕化熱

6. 有著不良生活習(xí)慣且年齡大的人

黃斑,視力下降,黃斑變性,老年黃斑,珠海?，斞劭? src="http://www.naxiao.cn/uploads/allimg/190311/3-1Z311101104153.jpg" style="width: 720px; height: 541px;" /></p> </div> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> </p> <p class="pgc-h-arrow-right" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">黃斑變性分為萎縮性和滲出性：</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-weight: bolder;">萎縮性老年黃斑變性：</span></span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">雙眼常同期發(fā)病且同步發(fā)展。</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-weight: bolder;">早期</span>：中心視力輕度損害，但是在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)保持或接近正常。Amsler方格表檢查常為陽性。偶有大視或小視癥。</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-weight: bolder;">晚期</span>：中心視力嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，有虛性性中央暗點(diǎn)。</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> </p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-weight: bolder;">滲出性老年黃斑變性：</span></span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">色素上皮層下有活躍的新生血管，引起一系列滲出、出血、瘢痕改變。</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-weight: bolder;">早期：</span>中心視力明顯下降，Amsler方格表陽性，與病灶相應(yīng)處能檢出中央比較暗點(diǎn)。</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-weight: bolder;">中期：</span>由于新生血管滲漏，造成色素上皮層或神經(jīng)上皮層漿液出血性脫離。視力急劇下降。</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-weight: bolder;">晚期：</span>滲出和出血逐漸收并為瘢痕組織所替代。視力進(jìn)一步損傷。雙眼先后發(fā)病，相隔時(shí)間不超過五年。</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> </p> <div id="aym0y20gcgww" class="pgc-img" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <p> </p> <p class="pgc-img-caption" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: inherit;"> </p> </div> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> </p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-weight: bolder;">Amsler網(wǎng)格</span>是眼科醫(yī)生用來檢測(cè)由黃斑（視網(wǎng)膜中央部分）或視神經(jīng)損傷引起的視力問題的常用工具。</span></p> <p class="pgc-h-arrow-right" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">先遵照以下步驟，進(jìn)行Amsler網(wǎng)格測(cè)試。</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">1.在適正常室內(nèi)照明下進(jìn)行測(cè)試</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">2.如果平時(shí)戴眼鏡（無論近視還是花鏡），就帶著眼鏡測(cè)試</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">3.Amsler網(wǎng)格與眼睛保持約40厘米的距離</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">4.兩只眼睛都要測(cè)試，測(cè)試一只眼睛時(shí)要遮擋另外一只眼睛</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> </p> <div id="aym0y20gcgww" class="pgc-img" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <p> </p> <p class="pgc-img-caption" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: inherit;"> </p> </div> <p class="pgc-h-arrow-right" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">測(cè)試過程中并回答以下問題：</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">1. 網(wǎng)格中的任何線條是否呈現(xiàn)波浪狀、模糊或扭曲？</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">2. 網(wǎng)格中的所有方框看起來都是相同大小得方形嗎？</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">3. 網(wǎng)格中是否有缺失區(qū)域或較暗區(qū)域？</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">4. 你能完整的看到網(wǎng)格的所有區(qū)域并同時(shí)注意著中心點(diǎn)嗎？</span></p> <p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); margin: 0px; outline: none; border: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微軟雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">如果有任何上述的問題，盡快去醫(yī)院進(jìn)行眼科檢查。</span><br /> <br /> <img title=眼睛也會(huì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良？遺傳性黃斑營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良癥需重視！ 視網(wǎng)膜脫落≠立即失明，這些征兆你都知道嗎？

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醫(yī)生團(tuán)隊(duì)

  • 林順潮教授

    預(yù)約

    擅長(zhǎng)：白內(nèi)障(成人及小兒)、ICL、角膜移植、黃斑及視網(wǎng)膜手術(shù)、屈光矯視、青光眼

  • 董方田主任醫(yī)師 博士研究生導(dǎo)師

    預(yù)約

    擅長(zhǎng)：糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變、黃斑疾病、遺傳性視網(wǎng)膜變性疾病和視網(wǎng)膜移植的臨床和基礎(chǔ)研究

  • 楊忠彬副院長(zhǎng) 副主任醫(yī)師

    預(yù)約

    擅長(zhǎng)：白內(nèi)障及個(gè)性化屈光手術(shù)方案設(shè)計(jì)、青光眼、斜視、淚囊炎及玻璃體視網(wǎng)膜病變?cè)\治。尤其擅長(zhǎng)飛秒激光、高端晶體植入。

  • 齊紹文副院長(zhǎng) 主任醫(yī)師

    預(yù)約

    擅長(zhǎng)：白內(nèi)障、老花晶體置換術(shù)、青光眼、眼底病、小兒近視防控及斜視

  • 鄭艷秋中醫(yī)眼科主任醫(yī)師 眼綜合科主任

    預(yù)約

    擅長(zhǎng)：干眼、眼肌麻痹、葡萄膜炎、玻璃體混濁/積血、眼底出血、黃斑水腫、黃斑變性及視神經(jīng)萎縮等。